Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Pancreatic mixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinomas are a rare distinctive entity with histologic and immunohistochemical features of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and pose diagnostic challenges. Very few cases have been described in the literature. Genomic information about these tumors remains unknown. We identified two cases of mixed acinar- neuroendocrine carcinoma from our database since January 2020 who had full genomic in...

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumour arising from the adrenal cortex, with an estimated annual incidence of one to two patients per million. Ectopic ACCs are extremely rare. They are believed to arise from cortical fragments arrested during embryologic migration and have been found close to the adrenal gland or along the path of gonadal descent. The majority of ACCs are sporadic, however, ACC has been linked with genetic disease processes, including multip...

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrine disorder in women and polycystic ovaries are characterized by excess ovarian stroma that has implications for disordered follicle development in PCOS. The factors contributing to proliferation and increased density of stroma remain unclear but local overproduction of androgens may be involved.Aim: To examine differential expression of genes that regulate key proteins that comprise ...

Primary human hepatocytes are considered the ‘gold standard’ to explore metabolic phenotype within the liver, however they come with limitations, such as donor variability, lack of proliferation and rapid phenotype loss. The human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, has been used extensively in cell-based metabolic studies but there are significant limitations including their malignant origin and inherent low rates of triglyceride secretion. The aim of this study was to inves...

Introduction: Excessive consumption of free sugars (glucose and fructose) is linked to an increased risk of developing chronic metabolic diseases. Current knowledge of fructose metabolism has focussed on the liver where it is implicated in impaired insulin sensitivity, increased fat accumulation and dyslipidaemia. The long-term effects of elevated fructose consumption on human health are poorly defined and fructose metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue, the largest human f...

Hepatic steatosis, accumulation of intracellular triglyceride (TG) (>5% of hepatic tissue), is the prerequisite for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD represents a spectrum of liver diseases and is associated with obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Steatosis occurs due to an imbalance between fatty acid input and removal (fatty acid partitioning) which can be affected by geneti...

Introduction: The aim of having an away day was to enhance relationships across three sites by improving the understanding of each other’s roles, their contributions and ways to provide mutual support. Also the intention was to establish parity through co-designing common practices of working effectively and developing quality improvement projects.Method: Staff members from three Paediatric Diabetes Teams within the same trust were invited to attend...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic systemic inflammatory disease. Several new therapies exist for RA but long-term patient management remains problematic.We have discovered that hypoxia, a characteristic of inflamed tissues, potently inhibits glucocorticoid (Gc) sensitivity. This effect is mediated, in part by HIF1α, whose activity is induced in hypoxia. HIF1α gene expression is also induced in primary peripheral blood mononuclear ce...

Before the development of purified insulin in the 1970s, lipoatrophy was a common complication of insulin therapy (1–2). With the arrival of human insulin, lipoatrophy, becoming a rare problem in clinical practice.Lipoatrophies are considered an adverse immunological side effect of insulin therapy, and in some cases they are mediated by a local high production of tumour necrosis factor-α, w...

Aim: We aimed to describe mortality for both gender in children and adults, in Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD).Materials and methods: Using three national registries: The Causes of Death Registry, The National Patient Registry, and The Cancer Registry, and The International Classification of Diseases as a filter, we identified a primary cohort of 9,131 patients. All had a high a priori risk of having GHD. All available hospital files (representing 90.2% ...